Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers of the female genital organs; early diagnosis is of vital importance.
Cancer of the body of the uterus, that is endometrial cancer, is one of the most common types of cancer among the female genital organs. This disease originates from the endometrium, the inner mucous layer of the uterus, and usually manifests itself in women after menopause. Risk factors include prolonged estrogen exposure (late menopause, never having given birth), obesity and diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), long-term use of hormonal medications, a family history of cancer and hypertension. The disease can be progressive and life-threatening, but early diagnosis significantly increases the chance of successful treatment.
Symptoms
- Bleeding after menopause
- Heavier than normal or irregular bleeding during the menstrual period
- Bloody discharge after sexual intercourse
- Pain in the abdomen or pelvic area (in the advanced stage of the disease)
- A feeling of heaviness in the lower pelvis
- Unexplained weight loss
When to see a doctor
See a doctor immediately in case of bleeding outside menstruation. Any vaginal bleeding after menopause must be taken seriously, as it can be the first warning sign. Regular monitoring during the use of hormonal medications, weight and blood sugar control, and timely genetic and gynecological examinations if there is a family risk are recommended.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is carried out with transvaginal ultrasound (assessment of endometrial thickness), endometrial biopsy (the main method for a definitive diagnosis) and hysteroscopy (internal examination combined with biopsy). Imaging methods such as CT and MRI may be used to assess the extent of spread.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. The most common method is surgical intervention — hysterectomy (removal of the uterus); when necessary, the ovaries and lymph nodes are also removed. Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) may be applied after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. Chemotherapy is used in advanced cases or when the disease has spread to other organs. If the disease is at an early stage and the patient is planning pregnancy, or if surgical intervention is not possible, hormonal therapy may be applied as an alternative.
Frequently asked questions
What is the first sign of uterine cancer?
Although the disease develops silently, the first warning sign is very often unusual bleeding — especially bleeding after menopause. Evaluating this signal in a timely manner can save lives.
Why is early diagnosis important?
When uterine cancer is detected at an early stage, the chance of successful treatment is significantly higher. For this reason, it is recommended to consult a doctor immediately in case of any bleeding outside menstruation or after menopause.
