Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Infections passed during unprotected sexual intercourse — they can seriously harm reproductive and general health and often progress without symptoms.
Sexually transmitted infections are infections passed from person to person during unprotected sexual intercourse. These diseases can seriously harm not only reproductive health but also general body health. Since they often progress silently and without symptoms, they can result in infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pain syndrome and even the risk of cancer in women. The most common ones include HPV (the main cause of cervical cancer), chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes simplex (HSV), trichomoniasis and HIV/AIDS.
Symptoms
- Change in vaginal or cervical discharge
- Pain during or after sexual intercourse
- Sores, itching or swelling in the groin area
- Bleeding outside the menstrual period
- Burning or pain during urination
- Absence of any symptoms (the most dangerous case!)
When to see a doctor
You should consult a doctor if any of the symptoms above appear — abnormal discharge, pain, sores, itching, burning during urination or irregular bleeding. Because many infections progress without symptoms, a preventive examination is also recommended after unprotected intercourse or with a new partner.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is carried out with a gynecological examination and tests, blood tests, and a cervical and vaginal smear (PAP test and HPV test). One of the most effective methods for accurate detection of infection is molecular (PCR) testing. These methods make it possible to identify the type of infection and plan treatment correctly.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the type of disease: antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial infections and antiviral preparations for viral ones. It is important that the partner is treated at the same time so that the infection does not recur. Especially in cases of HPV and HIV, strengthening immunity may be recommended to support treatment. Preventive measures include a single-partner and safe sexual life, use of condoms, regular gynecological examinations and vaccination against HPV (especially at a young age).
Frequently asked questions
Do sexually transmitted infections always cause symptoms?
No. In most cases these infections progress without symptoms, which is the most dangerous situation, because a woman may not know she is a carrier. For this reason, regular gynecological examinations and tests are of great importance.
Why is the HPV vaccine needed?
The HPV vaccine is very effective as a preventive measure against the virus that is the main cause of cervical cancer. It is recommended especially for adolescent girls and young women, before the start of sexual activity.
