Vulvar cancer surgery (vulvectomy)
Vulvar cancer surgery (vulvectomy)
Vulvectomy — complete or partial removal of the vulva in order to clear it of cancer cells.
Vulvectomy is the complete or partial removal of the vulva (the external genital organs) in order to clear it of cancer cells. Several types exist: in a partial vulvectomy only the cancerous part of the vulva is removed; in a radical vulvectomy the entire vulvar tissue and sometimes the surrounding tissues are removed; in a radical hemivulvectomy one side of the vulva and the tissues beneath it are removed. If the disease has spread, the inguinal lymph nodes may also be removed. Vulvectomy is intended for patients histologically diagnosed with vulvar cancer, whose disease is local or has spread to a specific area, and for cases not suitable for other treatment methods such as radiation or chemotherapy.
How it is performed
The operation is carried out under general anesthesia, and its duration varies according to the amount of tissue removed. In cases of radical vulvectomy, the simultaneous removal of lymph nodes may require additional time. In some cases reconstructive plastic surgery may also be applied for aesthetic and functional reasons; this is intended, especially after radical operations, to increase the patient's comfort and quality of life.
Preparation
Before the operation, patients are given detailed information about the extent of the surgery, expectations and outcomes. Blood tests, imaging studies and a preliminary anesthesia assessment are usually performed. The patient should inform the doctor about any medications used, especially blood thinners, and follow the fasting rules on the night before surgery.
Recovery
The hospital stay may usually vary between 2–7 days depending on the type of operation. During the first days pain and discomfort are kept under control and managed with painkillers. Keeping the suture area clean and dry is important. A gradual return to physical activities is recommended, usually within 4–6 weeks. Removal of the vulva can sometimes cause psychological difficulties in women, so psychological support plays an important role in this respect.
Frequently asked questions
Is sexual life possible after a vulvectomy?
In many cases sexual life can continue after full recovery, although changes may occur depending on the extent of the surgery. After radical operations, reconstructive surgery and psychological support can ease this process. The individual situation should always be discussed with the doctor.
Can the cancer recur after the operation?
A correctly and timely performed vulvectomy is an effective treatment method, but no operation completely rules out the risk of recurrence. For this reason, regular medical follow-up and scheduled examinations after the operation are important.
The operation and recovery process must be planned according to each woman's individual condition. The time frames given are for general guidance, and the specific plan is determined by the doctor.
